Power Grids
Geomagnetic storms induce electric currents in long conductors such as power lines and pipelines (geomagnetically induced currents, GIC). In extreme cases, this can overload transformers and cause blackouts, especially at high latitudes and in extended grids. Grid operators use space weather forecasts to prepare and, if needed, reduce load.
Satellites
Satellites are exposed to solar wind and radiation from flares and energetic particles. Storms can cause charging, single-event upsets, and increased drag in the upper atmosphere. Operators may put instruments in safe mode or adjust orbits. Radiation can shorten satellite lifetime.
GPS and Radio
Ionospheric disturbances (from flares or geomagnetic storms) can cause GPS errors or loss of lock. Radio propagation at certain frequencies depends on the ionosphere; storms can cause blackouts or scintillation. Aviation may avoid polar routes during strong radiation events. Cosmic Radar shows Kp and space weather so you can see when technology may be affected.
Sources and further reading
- NOAA – Impacts of space weather – Power, satellites, GPS, aviation
- ESA – Space weather effects – Technology and infrastructure
- NASA – Space weather and technology – Monitoring and impacts